Introducing Genes into Cultured Mammalian Cells

COMMENTARY Introducing proteins into cultured animal cells

Improved methods of protein purification and antibody production, together with a burgeoning array of techniques for single-cell analysis, have led increasing numbers of cell biologists to try microinjecting functional proteins, or antibodies raised against them, into living cells. This has highlighted the shortcomings of available techniques, and encouraged attempts to develop new methodologie...

Electroporation into Cultured Mammalian Embryos

Over the last century, mammalian embryos have been used extensively as a common animal model to investigate fundamental questions in the field of developmental biology. More recently, the establishment of transgenic and gene-targeting systems in laboratory mice has enabled researchers to unveil the genetic mechanisms underlying complex developmental processes (Mak, 2007). However, our understan...

Microinjection of nucleic acids into cultured mammalian cells by electrophoresis.

Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA was microinjected into cultured mammalian cells by means of electrophoresis (iontophoresis). Successful transfer of DNA into cells was confirmed by detecting SV40 T antigen using the indirect immunofluorescent technique.

Introducing Antisense Oligonucleotides into Cells

An efficient method for introducing defined lipids into the plasma membrane of mammalian cells

An efficient method has been devised to introduce lipid molecules into the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. This method has been applied to fuse lipid vesicles with the apical plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The cells were infected with fowl plague or influenza N virus. 4 h after infection, the hemagglutinin (HA) spike glycoprotein of the virus was present in the apical p...